28. Full Paper Here
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2014, "Some Observations on the Amarillo/Wichita Mountains
Thrust-Fold Belt and its Extensions SE into East Texas and NW into New Mexico” Shale Shaker, The Journal of the Oklahoma City Geological Society, Vol. 65, no. 5, p. 338-366.
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27. |
2009, Reactivation Tectonics: The Evidence & The Consequences, American Stereo Map Co., Technical Publication No. 3, 263 p.
This is a summary that ties together all of Parker Gay’s discoveries and advances in geology related to “Reactivation Tectonics.” Some geologists, who have not studied Gay’s material or don’t have the background to understand it, dispute his conclusions, but there are no flaws in his science. It will sooner or later become mainstream geology.
Available from Applied Geophysics, Inc. for US $50.00.
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26. |
2003, The “Great Dike of Wyoming” and Satellite Bodies: A Comparison to the Great Dyke of Rhodesia/Zimbabwe: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook for 2002/2003, pp 101-111.
Applied Geophysics, Inc. flew the aeromagnetic survey of the Powder River Basin in 1985. As soon as it was processed, several long, spectacular-appearing magnetic anomalies became evident in the northern part of the Basin. After an on-and-off study that took place over several years, the author concluded that these anomalies are caused by ultra-mafic bodies similar to the Stillwater Complex in Montana and the Great Dyke of Rhodesia in Africa.
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25.
Full Paper Here
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2004, Glacial Till: A Troublesome Source of Near-Surface Magnetic Anomalies: The Leading Edge, June 2004, Vol. 23, No. 6, The Meter Reader:
In the 1980's, a popular fad in magnetics was to ascribe magnetic anomalies to “diagenetic magnetite,” a mineral supposedly formed over oil fields by the interaction of iron minerals existing at shallow depths in the ground with gas leaking from the reservoir. Some of the areas so interpreted were located in places covered with glacial till, which the author, from previous work, knew was magnetic and could cause the “diagenetic magnetite” anomalies. Since the magnetic nature of glacial till did not seem to be well known among the potential field geophysicists of this era, the author decided to gather as many examples as possible of documented magnetic anomalies over glacial till and place them in the literature. He used several examples from his own files, but most were obtained by calling and writing to colleagues he knew from his 25 years in mining exploration. A total of 29 examples were documented.
From this, he concluded that regional glacial till in North America is always magnetic (since it originated - in the beginning - on the Canadian shield) and that there is thus no “non-magnetic” glacial till, as one prominent petroleum industry potential field geophysicist suggested.
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ll24.
Full Paper Here |
2003, The Nemaha Trend - A System of Compressional Thrust-Fold, Strike-Slip Structural Features in Kansas & Oklahoma, parts 1 & 2: Shale Shaker, The Journal of the Oklahoma City Geological Society, Vol. 54, no. 1, p. 9-17, & no. 2, p. 39-49.
In the 1980's and 1990's the author spent a considerable amount of time talking to Midcontinent petroleum company geologists about the Nemaha system, and many of them showed him seismic and geologic cross sections displaying reverse faults and repeated section. The general consensus was that the system was, without a doubt, compressional. Yet, at the same time, articles and talks by some in the academic and geologic survey community indicated a possible extensional origin. There seemed to be a lack of communication between the two groups. To correct this wide gap in knowledge, the author gathered together 29 examples of reverse faults taken from articles, theses, and private files and documented them in this paper. These show unequivocally that the system is mainly compressional, although it has had subsequent (and perhaps partially contemporaneous) strike-slip movement.
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23.
Full Paper Here |
1999, An Explanation for "4-way Closure" of Thrust-fold Structures in the Rocky Mountains, and Implications for Similar Structures Elsewhere: The Mountain Geologist, Vol. 36, No 4. (Oct. 1999), p. 235-244, RMAG
This paper shows how “end-closure” of anticlines results from the small component of maximum compressive stress that is directed along the long axis of the anticline perpendicular to the main stress that raised the anticline. It then shows how the longitudinal stress results from compression across a basement fault not at right angles to the direction of maximum compression. This is a quite straightforward physical solution to the geometry we have always observed. However, it is a radical departure from currently accepted dogma, and thus revises a major aspect of structural geology. We do not expect immediate acceptance of this idea, but eventual acceptance is certain.
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ll22.
Full Paper Here |
1999, Maps: It's the Basement's Fault: AAPG Explorer, v. 20, no. 12, p. 28-31.
This two-part series in the AAPG Explorer briefly summarizes the
conclusions published in references 18 and 19 above. It also makes
the strong point that the basement fault block pattern in covered
areas is only mappable with magnetic techniques and not by seismic
or gravity methods.
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ll21. Full Paper Here |
1999, Basement Mapping Highly Crucial: AAPG Explorer, v. 20, no. 11, p. 32-33.
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ll20. |
1999, Using Magnetics in Petroleum Exploration, with E.A. Beaumont as senior author, in
N.H. Foster and E.A. Beaumont, editors, Treatise of Petroleum Geology Handbook,
Exploring for Oil & Gas Traps: AAPG, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
This is a brief summary in Ted Beaumont's words of the conclusions of #19 (above).
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l19.
Full Paper Here |
1995, The Basement Fault Block Pattern: Its Importance in Petroleum Exploration, and Its
Delineation with Residual Aeromagnetic Techniques, in R.W. Ojakangas, editor, Proceedings
of the Tenth International Basement Tectonics Conference: Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
This is AGI's position paper on the use of magnetics for oil and gas exploration. It expands on the Kansas paper (18) and shows that most structure in the sedimentary section and much of the stratigraphy is controlled by basement throughout the U.S. and by inference, worldwide. Gay takes to task those magnetic interpretations that assume a uniform composition of basement and points out that, geologically, this is not known to occur.
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ll18.
Full Paper Here |
1995, Basement Control of Selected Oil and Gas Fields in Kansas as Determined by Detailed
Residual Aeromagnetic Data, in Kansas Geophysical Atlas: Kansas Geological Survey,
Lawrence, Kansas.
Here it is shown that in Kansas many oil and gas field structures
result from movement of basement faults or compaction over
basement topography and that some stratigraphic reservoirs also
result from basement fault movement.
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17. |
1992, Epigenetic Versus Syngenetic Magnetite as a Cause of Magnetic Anomalies:
Geophysics, vol. 57, no. 1.
This is a continuation of the study cited in 16.
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16. |
1991, Syngenetic Magnetic Anomaly Sources: Three Examples: Geophysics, vol. 56, no. 7.
(with Bronson Hawley as second author).
This was Parker Gay's response to an interpretational fad of the day
that attributed most "high frequency" (i.e. narrow) aeromagnetic
anomalies to "diagenetic" magnetite. It was shown that narrow
magnetic anomalies are instead usually caused by a variety of
syngenetic geologic sources, culture, post-depositional igneous
activity, coal burns, etc.
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15.
Full Paper Here |
1989, Gravitational Compaction, A Neglected Mechanism in Structural and Stratigraphic
Studies: New Evidence from the Midcontinent, USA, AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, no. 5.
This is a condensed version of #10 (above) in a leading publication, but
arrives at and proves, the additional conclusion that bed thinning
observed over compactional anticlines is a natural consequence of
the compaction process itself.
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14.
Full Paper Here |
1987, Mafic Dyke Swarms Associated with Mesozoic Rifting in Eastern Paraguay, South
America: M.D. Druecker, and S.P. Gay, Jr., in Mafic dyke swarms,
H.C. Halls, and W.F. Fahrig, editors, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 34, p. 187-193.
Careful work on magnetic profiles in a low level magnetic survey in
Paraguay allowed the mapping of mafic dike swarms and
determining whether they were injected during normal or reverse
magnetic epochs.
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13. |
1986, Relative Timing of Tectonic Events in Newly Recognized Precambrian Terranes in
South Central Kansas, as Determined by Residual Aeromagnetic Data, in J. Aldrich, editor,
Proceedings of the Sixth International Basement Tectonics Conference, Santa Fe, N.M.,
1985: International Basement Tectonics Association, Salt Lake City.
This is the first attempt ever, and the only one so far (2007), to
methodically define the Archean-Proterozoic structural history of an
area by noting the age associations of magnetic anomalies.
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12. |
1986, The Effects of Cathodically Protected Pipelines on Aeromagnetic Surveys:
Geophysics, vol. 51, no. 8, p. 1671-1684.
This is the first study ever, and the only one so far (2007), that
mathematically defines the magnetic anomalies due to DC electric
currents flowing in pipelines - anomalies that are observed on nearly
every magnetic map of petroleum basins.
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11. |
1986, "Graniteville-Type" Proterozoic Igneous Intrusions Mapped in Southeast Kansas, in
Steeples, "Symposium on Geophysics in Kansas - a 25-year Update": Kansas Geological
Survey, Lawrence, Kansas.
This short study showed that certain oval-shaped magnetic anomalies
in south-central Kansas were similar to those mapped earlier in
southeast Missouri (6) and arose from the same group of
Proterozoic intrusions. It also showed that the area within the
intrusions where the rock is of fairly uniform composition, magnetic
highs can be reliably ascribed to basement highs, unlike the
remaining 99% of areas underlain by crystalline metamorphic
basement.
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10. |
1985, Gravitational Compaction, A Neglected Mechanism in Structural and Stratigraphic
Studies: New Evidence from the Midcontinent, USA: Applied Geophysics, Inc., 109 p.
This was a thorough documentation and proof of the supposition of
a number of leading American geologists of the 1920's and 1930's
that compaction of the sedimentary section over basement hills
creates overlying anticlinal structures. This is a very fundamental
cause of geological structure that even today (2007) is greatly
underappreciated by the geological community - even though this
publication leaves no room for doubt either as to its validity or its
pervasiveness.
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9. |
1984, Spokane Mountain Deposit, Northwest USA - a Uranium Discovery Resulting from
Aeromagnetic Lineament Analysis in a Precambrian Metamorphic Terrane, in Proceedings
of the Fourth International Conference on Basement Tectonics, Oslo, Norway: International
Basement Tectonics Association, Salt Lake City.
This was a case history of the discovery of a uranium deposit found
along a regional fault mapped by 3D stereo aeromagnetic
techniques.
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8. |
1976, Aeromagnetic Lineament Study of Covered Precambrian Basement, Southeastern
Missouri, in R.A. Hodgson, et al, editor, Proceedings of the First International Conference
on the New Basement Tectonics, Salt Lake City, Utah: Utah Geological Association, Pub. No.
5.
This was a focused study of an area in southeast Missouri that again
showed that basement faults controlled later structure. A second
phase of the study showed that magnetic methods mapped in detail
the boundaries of a number of unmapped Proterozoic intrusions that
were exposed at the surface in only two places in the study area.
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7. |
1973, Pervasive Orthogonal Fracturing in Earth's Continental Crust: American Stereo Map
Co., Tech. Pub., No. 2, 124 p.
In this paper, data were gathered from the literature on regional
fracture zones and lineaments from a diversity of geological and
geophysical studies to show the pervasiveness of orthogonal
fracturing in the earth's crust. The 140-year old riddle of jointing in
rocks was solved by tying joints directly to vertical movement of
basement shear zones.
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6. |
1972, Fundamental Characteristics of Aeromagnetic Lineaments, their Geological Significance
and their Significance to Geology (The New Basement Tectonics): American Stereo Map
Co., Tech. Pub., No. 1, 94 p.
The author was the first earth scientist to use the term "aeromagnetic
lineament," and he showed that these features, as observed on
aeromagnetic maps, most often coincided with basement shear zones
and that their movement controlled much, or most, later geology -
hence "the new basement tectonics," or more to the point, "reactivation tectonics."
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5.
Full Paper Here |
1971, Morphological Study of Geophysical Maps [incl. aeromagnetic maps] by Viewing in
Three-Dimensions: Geophysics, vol. 36, p. 396-414.
This is the first, and only, published paper by the author on the use
of 3D stereo maps (viewed with red/blue glasses) for interpreting
magnetic and gravity maps - a technique he has used continuously for 40
years, and still uses, as a powerful interpretational tool.
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4. |
1970, Aeromagnetics and Geology of 36 Copper and Molybdenum Porphyry Deposits in the
Western United States and British Columbia (with C.A. Mardirosian): Distributed by
American Stereo Map Co., Salt Lake City, Utah, 122p.
This paper was a compendium of all the then-publically available
aeromagnetic maps over Cu and Mo porphyry deposits. From this,
we were able to prove the idea, for the first time, that ore districts are
generally characterized by aeromagnetic lows. We also concluded
that a certain percentage of ore districts lie on regional structures.
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3. |
1966, Geophysical Case History, Marcona [Iron] Mining District, Peru, in Mining
Geophysics, vol. 1: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
This paper summarized seven years of the author's work in Peru,
1957-1964, in which a number of major iron ore bodies were
discovered.
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2. |
1965, Standard Curves for Magnetic Anomalies over Long Horizontal Cylinders: Geophysics,
vol. 30, p. 818-828.
Likewise, this paper saw a fair amount of use before the proliferation
of computer methods for interpretation.
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**1. |
1961, Standard Curves for Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies over Long Tabular Bodies:
Geophysics, vol. 28, p. 161-200. Best Paper Award for 1963 from Society of Exploration
Geophysicists. (Also reprinted in Mining Geophysics, vol. II,
SEG, Tulsa, 1967.)
This paper, and its standard curves, was the bible for magnetic
interpretation for over a decade before the advent of computer
techniques in magnetic modeling. It was used by magnetics and
gravity specialists world wide, the author having been shown dog-eared copies in Spain and India in the late 1970's.
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* Gay has published a number of articles on other geological and geophysical
topics not involving magnetic methods.